Através de tabelas e exemplos, esse post mostrará as características de alguns dos tempos verbais perfeitos em inglês.
São eles: Present Perfect (e suas diferenças com o Simple Past), Present Perfect + time adverbs, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect e Modal Perfect. Confira abaixo:
PRESENT PERFECT (e suas diferenças com o Simple Past)
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SIMPLE PAST |
PRESENT PERFECT |
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HOW TO USE IT
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Action that happened in the past; it’simportant to say when it happened, at a specific moment. |
Action that happened in the past; it’s not important to say when it happened, at a non-specific moment.
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AFFIRMATIVE
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I saw the movie yesterday.
(pronome + verbo no passado) |
I have seen the movie.
(I,YOU,THEY, WE + have + verbo no particípio) (HE, SHE, IT + has + verbo no particípio)
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NEGATIVE
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I didn’t see the movie yesterday.
(pronome + didn’t + verbo no presente)
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I haven’t seen the movie.
(I,YOU,THEY, WE + haven’t + verbo no particípio) (HE, SHE, IT + hasn’t + verbo no particípio)
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INTERROGATIVE
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Did you see the movie yesterday?
(did + pronome + verbo no presente) |
Have you seen the movie?
(have + I,YOU,THEY, WE + verbo no particípio) (has + HE, SHE, IT + verbo no particípio)
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PRESENT PERFECT + TIME ADVERBS
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JEANY SF |
USE |
TIP |
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PRESENT PERFECT + JUST |
Very recent past |
AFF/NEG/INT |
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PRESENT PERFECT + EVER |
Life experience |
AFF/INT |
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PRESENT PERFECT + ALREADY |
Action that has happened before expected |
AFF/INT |
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PRESENT PERFECT + NEVER |
Life experience |
AFF |
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PRESENT PERFECT + YET |
Action that still hasn’t happened |
NEG/INT |
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PRESENT PERFECT + SINCE |
When an action has started |
AFF/NEG |
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PRESENT PERFECT + FOR |
Duration / Period |
AFF/NEG |
MODAL PERFECT
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WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Hypothesis about the past |
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COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Speculating about possibilities in the past |
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SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Regrets |
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MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Speculating about an action that probably has happened. |
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MAY HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Speculating about an action that maybe has happened. |
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MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Speculating about an action that maybe has happened. |
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CAN’T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Speculating about an action that probably hasn’t happened. |
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
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HOW TO USE IT
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Action that has started in the past and it is still happening |
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AFFIRMATIVE
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I have been studying here since 2010.
(I,YOU,THEY, WE + have been + verbo no ING) (HE, SHE, IT + has been + verbo no ING)
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NEGATIVE
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I haven’t been studying here since 2010.
(I,YOU,THEY, WE + haven’t been + verbo no ING) (HE, SHE, IT + hasn’t been + verbo no ING)
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INTERROGATIVE
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Have you been studying here since 2010?
(have + I,YOU,THEY, WE + been + verbo no ING) (has + HE, SHE, IT + been + verbo no ING)
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PAST PERFECT
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PAST PERFECT |
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HOW TO USE IT |
Action that has happened beforeanother action also in the past |
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AFFIRMATIVE
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I had cleaned the house when she arrived
(pronome + had + verbo no particípio)
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NEGATIVE
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I hadn’t cleaned the house when she arrived
(pronome + hadn’t + verbo no particípio)
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INTERROGATIVE
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Had you cleaned the house when she arrived?
(had + pronome + verbo no particípio)
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